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中国器官移植经验可作全球示范

5月7日,杭州市民在纪念第72个世界红十字日活动上展示“遗体(组织)捐献志愿卡”。
  李 忠摄(人民视觉)
  中国器官捐献与移植发展研讨会127日在昆明举办,来自30多个国家100多位器官移植专家与会并发表演讲,盛赞中国器官移植成就。“器官移植中国经验的最大特点是中国政府的强力支持,是许多国家应该参照的典范。”世界卫生组织器官移植特别工作委员会主席弗朗西斯·德尔莫尼克说。

  2015年以来,中国公民逝世后自愿捐献成为器官移植来源的唯一合法途径。目前,中国已走出一条体现国际惯例、符合中国实际的器官捐献与移植道路,初步建立起科学公正、遵循伦理、符合国情和文化的人体器官捐献与移植工作体系。对此,世卫组织器官移植项目主任何塞·努涅斯表示:“中国器官移植领域改革在短期内取得令人瞩目的成就,中国经验可以作为整个亚洲地区乃至全球示范。”国际移植协会前任主席南希·埃舍尔强调:“中国经验中最重要的条件有两方面,强有力的政府领导与完善的医疗保障体系。”

  最新发布的中国器官移植发展报告显示,从2015年到2018年,中国每年完成器官捐献分别为2766408051466302例,增长迅速。2018年捐献数量位居世界第二。通过中国人体器官分配计算机系统,将患者病情紧急程度和器官匹配程度等医学指标作为分配器官资源的唯一准则,保障器官分配科学透明公平公正。“虽然中国起步晚于一些国家,但现在中国人体器官分配计算机系统足可以成为世界楷模。”巴塞罗那大学医学院教授马蒂·曼亚里奇如此评价。

  此外,梵蒂冈教皇科学院院长马塞洛·索龙多表示,梵蒂冈教皇科学院非常欣赏中国经验,非常认可中国尊重器官捐献者、尊重生命的态度。

  为缩短人体捐献器官转运时间,减少因转运环节对器官移植质量安全影响,保障患者生命安全,国家卫生健康委等部门于20165月印发了《关于建立人体捐献器官转运绿色通道的通知》。绿色通道建立3年来,器官转运时间平均缩短11.5小时,中国器官全国共享率总体上升7.3%,器官利用率提升6.7%,捐献器官共享半径大大扩展,数以千计的终末期器官衰竭患者得到救治机会。

  在技术方面,中国器官移植手术操作技术不断改进创新,部分达到世界先进水平。国际上已开展的器官移植中国均已开展,部分器官移植技术实现突破,国际领跑,如自体肝移植技术、无缺血器官移植技术、儿童肝脏移植技术等。

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